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CRISPR/Cas and Its Potentiality as an Effective Tool

2019). The promoters of OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14, and OsSWEET13

on targeting with CRISPR/Cas9 enabled bacterial blight susceptibility and

bacterial blight tolerance in Oryza sativa L., respectively (Jiang et al., 2013;

Zhou et al., 2015; Oliva et al., 2019; Zafar et al., 2020). Resistance to cotton

leaf curl Kokhran virus (CLCuKoV) and begomoviruses can be produced

by CRISPR/Cas9 based editing of conserved nonanucleotide sequences

(TYLCV, BCTV-Worland, CLCuKoV, MeMV, TYLCSV, and BCTV-

Logan) in Nicotiana benthamiana (Ali et al., 2016; Zaidi et al., 2016).

CRISPR/Cas9 genome-edited targeting of Gh14-3-3 enabled tolerance to

cotton verticillium wilt (Zhang et al., 2018). CRISPR/Cas9 targeting of coat

protein (CP) or replicase (Rep) resulted in tomato plants resistant to TYLCV

(Tashkandi et al., 2018) and SlJAZ2 targeting enabled speck resistance in

tomato (Ortigosa et al., 2019). Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) or tobacco

mosaic virus (TMV) were targeted by CRISPR/Cas through Francisella

novicida Cas9 (FnCas9) in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana

L. (Zhang et al., 2018). Gene-edited knock out of MLO (Mildew Locus O)

susceptibility (S) gene homologs renders powdery mildew resistance due to

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) in wheat (Wang et al., 2014). CRISPR/

Cas9 edited MLO genes in tomato plants namely “tomelo” are powdery

mildew resistant (Nekrasov et al., 2017). MLO7 targeting in grape controlled

Erysiphe necator which causes powdery mildew in grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

cultivar Chardonnay (Pessina et al., 2016) and WRKY52 targeting enabled

resistance to the gray mold in Vitis vinifera L. (Wang et al., 2018). CRISPR/

Cas9 targeted, DIPM-1, DIPM-2 and DIPM-4 approach developed Malus

domestica Borkh. plants with resistance to fire blight enterobacterial

pathogen Erwinia amylovora (Malnoy et al., 2016). CRISPR/Cas9 based

genome editing developed blast resistant Oryza sativa L. japonica through

target of codons near translation initiation codon of OsERF922 with sgRNA

to introduce insertions and deletions (Wang et al., 2016). LwaCas13a from

Leptotrichia wadei and PspCas13b from Prevotella sp. were widely used in

Oryza sativa (Abudayyeh et al., 2016; Cox et al., 2017). CRISPR/Cas9 medi­

ated editing of nCBP-1 & nCBP-2/exon, Non-Expressor of Pathogenesis-

Related 3 (TcNPR3) gene, and WRKY70, WRKY11 enabled brown streak

(RNA) in Manihot esculenta Crantz (Gomez et al., 2019), Black pod disease

in Cacao (Fister et al., 2018), and JA-induced and SA-induced tolerance to

pathogens in Brassica napus subsp. napus (Sun et al., 2018). Other examples

of CRISPR/Cas based genome editing approaches with promise in fighting

devastating biotic plant diseases are précised in Table 11.2.